Waa maxay waxqabadka birlabeedka ayaa ku jira alaabta joogtada ah?
Bandhigyada magnetic-ka ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah dib-u-soo-nooleynta (Br), qasabka induction magnetic (bHc), qasabka gudaha (jHc), iyo wax soo saarka tamarta ugu badan (BH) Max.Marka laga reebo kuwa, waxaa jira dhowr bandhigyo kale: Curie Heerkulka(Tc), Heerkulka Shaqada (Tw), isku xidhka heerkulka remanence (α), heerkulka isku xidhka gudaha (β), soo kabashada permeability ee rec (μrec) iyo qalooca demagnetization (Hk/jHc).
Waa maxay xoogga magnetic field?
Sannadkii 1820-kii, saynisyahan HCOersted oo Danmark ah ayaa helay irbad u dhow siligga taas oo muujinaysa xidhiidhka aasaasiga ah ee ka dhexeeya korontada iyo magnetismka, ka dibna, Electromagnetics ayaa dhashay.Dhaqanku wuxuu muujinayaa in xoogga magnetic field iyo hadda la joogo siliga aan dhammaadka lahayn ee hareerihiisa ka dhashay uu la siman yahay cabbirka, oo uu ka soo horjeedo masaafada u jirta fiilada.Nidaamka unugga SI, qeexitaanka qaadista 1 amperes ee siligga aan dhammaadka lahayn ee hadda jira fogaan ah 1/ silig (2 pi) masaafada mitirka xoogga magnetic waa 1A/m (an / M);si loo xuso wax ku biirinta Oersted ee electromagnetism, ee cutubka nidaamka CGS, qeexidda qaadista 1 amperes ee kaari aan xad lahayn hadda ee xoogga field magnetic of 0.2 silig masaafada masaafada waa 1Oe cm (Oster), 1/ (1Oe = 4 PI) * 103A/m, iyo xoogga goobta magnetic waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa H.
Waa maxay polarization magnetic (J), waa maxay magnetization xoojinta (M), waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya labada?
Daraasadaha magnetic casriga ah waxay muujinayaan in dhammaan ifafaalaha magnetic ay ka soo jeedaan hadda, taas oo loo yaqaanno magnetic dipole.Xeerka ugu sarreeya ee goobta magnetic ee vacuum waa daqiiqadda magnetic dipole Pm per unit field magnetic dibadda, iyo magnetic dipole daqiiqad kasta mugga cutubka maaddadu waa J, unugga SI-na waa T (Tesla).Halbeegga birlabeedka halbeegga mugga walxaha waa M, xilliga magnetic waa Pm/ μ0, unugga SI waa A/m (M / m).Sidaa darteed, xiriirka ka dhexeeya M iyo J: J = μ0M, μ0 waxaa loogu talagalay vacuum permeability, ee cutubka SI, μ0 = 4π * 10-7H/m (H / m).
Waa maxay xoojinta kicinta magnetic (B), waa maxay cufnaanta qulqulka magnetic (B), waa maxay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya B iyo H, J, M?
Marka goob birlabeed ah lagu codsado H dhexdhexaad kasta, xoogga magnetic ee dhexdhexaadku maaha mid la mid ah H, laakiin xoogga magnetic ee H iyo dhexdhexaadiyaha magnetic J. Sababtoo ah xoogga goobta magnetic gudaha maaddada waxaa lagu muujiyaa birlab. goobta H iyada oo loo marayo dhexdhexaadinta kicinta.Si aan uga duwanno H, waxaan ugu yeernaa dhexdhexaadinta magnetic induction, oo lagu tilmaamo B: B= μ0H+J ( Unugga SI) B=H+4πM (cutubyada CGS)
Cutubka xoojinta kicinta magnetic B waa T, unugga CGS waa Gs (1T=10Gs).Ifafaalaha magnetic waxaa si cad u matali kara xadadka magnetic field, iyo induction magnetic B sidoo kale waxaa lagu qeexi karaa cufnaanta qulqulka magnetic.Induction Magnetic B iyo cufnaanta magnetic flux B ayaa si caalami ah loogu isticmaali karaa fikradda.
Maxaa loo yaqaan remanence (Br), waxa loo yaqaan xoog jujuub ah (bHc), waa maxay xooga qasabka gudaha (jHc)?
Magnet magnetic field magnetization in saturation ka dib bixitaanka duurka magnetic dibadda ee gobolka xiran, polarization magnet magnetic J iyo induction magnetic gudaha B oo ma baabi'i doono sababtoo ah luminta H iyo garoonka magnetic dibadda, oo ilaalin doonaa a qiimaha cabbirka qaarkood.Qiimahan waxaa loo yaqaan magnet induction induction hadhaaga, oo loo yaqaan remanence Br, unugga SI waa T, unugga CGS waa Gs (1T=10⁴Gs).Qalooca demagnetization ee magnetka joogtada ah, marka gadaasha magnetic-ka ee H uu kordho qiimaha bHc, xoojinta kicinta magnetic ee B magnet waxay ahayd 0, oo loo yaqaan qiimaha H ee qalabka magnetic magnetic coercivity ee bHc;magnetic field H = bHc, ma muujiso awoodda qulqulka magnetka dibadda, isku-duubnida dabeecadda bHc ee walxaha magnetic joogto ah si ay uga hortagto garoonnada magnetic dibadda ama saamaynta kale ee demagnetization.Xoog-saarista bHc waa mid ka mid ah halbeegyada muhiimka ah ee naqshadaynta wareegga magnetic.Marka magnetic field H = bHc, inkastoo magnet uusan muujineynin qulqulka magnetic, laakiin xoojinta magnetic ee magnet J ayaa weli ah qiimo weyn jihada asalka ah.Sidaa darteed, sifooyinka birlabeedka gudaha ee bHc kuma filna in lagu garto magnetka.Marka goobta magnetic gadaasha H u kordho jHc, vector micro magnetic dipole magnet gudaha waa 0. Qiimaha bedalka magnetic waxaa loo yaqaan qasbida gudaha jHc.Jujuubka jHc waa halbeeg jireed oo aad muhiim u ah oo ah maaddada birlabeedka joogtada ah, waana sifada walxaha birlabeedka joogtada ah si ay isaga caabiyaan goobta magnetic-ka rogan ama saamaynta kale ee demagnetization, si ay u ilaaliso tusmada muhiimka ah ee awoodda magnetization asalka ah.
Waa maxay sheyga tamarta ugu badan (BH) m?
Qallooca BH ee demagnetization ee walxaha birlabeedka joogtada ah (kuwa afar geesoodka labaad), dhibcaha kala duwan ee magnet-ka u dhigma ayaa ku sugan xaalado shaqo oo kala duwan.Qalooca demagnetization BH ee meel gaar ah oo ku taal Bm iyo Hm (isku-duwayaasha tooska ah iyo kuwa toosan) waxay u taagan yihiin cabbirka birlabeedka iyo xoojinta soo-saarka birlabeedka iyo goobta birlabeedka ee gobolka.Awoodda BM iyo HM ee qiimaha saxda ah ee badeecada Bm*Hm waxay wakiil ka tahay xaaladda shaqada magnetka dibadda, taas oo u dhiganta tamarta magnetic ee lagu kaydiyo magnet, loo yaqaan BHmax.Magnet-ka ku jira heerka ugu sarreeya (BmHm) wuxuu u taagan yahay awoodda shaqada ee magnetka dibadda, oo loo yaqaan tamarta ugu sarreysa ee magnetka, ama badeecada tamarta, oo lagu tilmaamo (BH) m.Unugga BHmax ee nidaamka SI waa J/m3 (joules/m3), iyo nidaamka CGS ee MGOe, 1MGOe = 10²/4π kJ/m3.
Waa maxay heerkulka Curie (Tc), waa maxay heerkulka shaqada ee magnet (Tw), xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya?
Heerkulka Curie waa heerkulka magnetization-ka alaabta magnetic lagu dhimay eber, waana barta muhiimka ah ee u beddelashada walxaha ferromagnetic ama ferrimagnetic ee walxaha para-magnetic.Heerkulka Curie Tc wuxuu la xidhiidhaa kaliya halabuurka maaddada mana lahan wax xidhiidh ah oo la xidhiidha qaab-dhismeedka yar ee walxaha.Heerkul gaar ah, sifooyinka birlabeedka ee alaabta birlabeedka joogtada ah waxaa lagu yarayn karaa qiyaas cayiman marka la barbar dhigo kuwa heerkulka qolka.Heerkulka waxaa loo yaqaan heerkulka shaqada ee magnet Tw.Baaxadda dhimista tamarta magnetic waxay kuxirantahay codsiga magnetka, waa qiime aan la go'aamin, magnet joogto ah oo isku mid ah codsiyada kala duwan waxay leeyihiin heerkul shaqo oo kala duwan Tw.Heerkulka Curie ee maaddada magnetic Tc waxay u taagan tahay aragtida xadka heerkulka hawlgalka ee walxaha.Waxaa xusid mudan in shaqada Tw ee magnet kasta oo joogto ah aysan la xiriirin oo keliya Tc, laakiin sidoo kale waxay la xiriirtaa sifooyinka magnetic ee magnetka, sida jHc, iyo xaaladda shaqada ee magnetka ee wareegga magnetic.
Waa maxay magnetic permeability ee magnet joogto ah (μrec), waa maxay J demagnetization curve squareness (Hk / jHc), waxay ka dhigan tahay?
Qeexida qalooca demagnetization ee BH magnet work point D is-beddelka beddelka khadka gadaal magnetka firfircoon, jiirada xariiqda soo noqoshada μrec.Sida iska cad, soo noqoshada μrec waxay tilmaamaysaa xasilloonida magnetka ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha hawleed ee firfircoon.Waa labajibbaaranaanshaha birlabeedka joogtada ah ee BH demagnetization curve, waana mid ka mid ah sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee magnets-ka joogtada ah.Magnets Nd-Fe-B sinteed, μrec = 1.02-1.10, μrec yar waa, ka sii wanagsanaanta xasilloonida magnetka ee xaaladaha firfircoon ee firfircoon.
Waa maxay wareegga magnetic, waa maxay wareegga magnetic furan, xaalad-wareeg xiran?
Wareegga magnetic waxaa loo tixraacaa meel gaar ah oo ka mid ah farqiga hawada, kaas oo la isku daray hal ama tiro badan oo ah magnets joogto ah, fiilada hadda jirta, birta iyadoo loo eegayo qaab iyo cabbir gaar ah.Birtu waxay noqon kartaa bir saafi ah, bir kaarboon yar, Ni-Fe, Alloy Ni-Co oo leh walxo awood sare leh.Birta jilicsan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano harqood, waxay ciyaartaa socodka xakamaynta qulqulka, waxay kordhisaa xoojinta kicinta magnetic maxalliga ah, waxay ka hortagtaa ama yareysaa qulqulka magnetic, waxayna kordhisaa xoogga farsamada ee qaybaha doorka ee wareegga magnetic.Xaaladda magnetic ee hal magnet waxaa badanaa loo tixraacaa xaalad furan marka birta jilicsan ay maqan tahay;marka magnetku uu ku jiro wareeg wareeg ah oo lagu sameeyay birta jilicsan, magnetka ayaa la sheegay inuu ku jiro xaalad wareeg ah oo xiran.
Waa maxay sifooyinka farsamada ee magnets Nd-Fe-B?
Sifooyinka farsamada ee magnets-ka Nd-Fe-B ee sintered:
| Xoog Laabashada /MPa | Xoog cadaadis /MPa | Adag/Hv | Yong Modulus /kN/mm2 | Kordhinta/% |
| 250-450 | 1000-1200 | 600-620 | 150-160 | 0 |
Waxaa la arki karaa in magnet-ka Nd-Fe-B ee sintered uu yahay walxo jajaban oo caadi ah.Inta lagu jiro habka farsamaynta, isu-ururinta iyo isticmaalka magnet-ka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho si looga hortago in magnet-ku uu ku dhaco saameyn daran, isku dhac, iyo culeys xad-dhaaf ah, si looga fogaado dillaaca ama burburka magnetka.Waxaa xusid mudan in xoogga magnetic of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets ay aad ugu xoogan tahay gobolka magnetized, dadku waa inay taxaddaraan ammaankooda shakhsi ahaaneed marka ay shaqeynayaan, si looga hortago in faraha fuulaan xoog xoog leh oo nuugid.
Maxay yihiin arrimaha saameeya saxnaanta magnet-ka Nd-Fe-B ee sintay?
Qodobbada saameeya saxnaanta magnet-ka sintered Nd-Fe-B waa qalabaynta qalabka, qalabka iyo farsamada farsamada, iyo heerka farsamada ee hawlwadeenka, iwm. saxnaanta mashiinka ee magnetka.Tusaale ahaan, magnetka leh wejiga ugu weyn ee hadhuudh aan dhab ahayn, oogada u nugul in ay god ku yeelato xaaladda mishiinka;koritaanka hadhuudhka aan caadiga ahayn ee magnetka, xaaladda mashiinka dusha sare waxay u nugul tahay inay yeelato god quraanjo;cufnaanta, halabuurka iyo hanuuninta waa mid aan sinnayn, cabbirka chamferku wuxuu noqon doonaa mid aan sinnayn;magnet leh oksijiin sare waa jajaban yahay, waxayna u nugul yihiin xagasha in la gooyo inta lagu jiro habka farsamaynta;wejiga ugu weyn ee magnet ee hadhuudh aan dhab ahayn iyo qaybinta wejiga hodanka Nd ma aha labis, dahaadhay lebbiska la substrate ah, lebbiska dhumucda daahan, iyo iska caabin daxalka ee daahan noqon doonaa in ka badan wajiga ugu weyn ee hadhuudh ganaax iyo qaybinta lebis ee Nd. Farqiga wajiga hodanka ah jidhka bini'aadamka.Si loo helo saxnaanta sare ee Nd-Fe-B wax soo saarka magnetka, injineerka wax soo saarka, injineerka mashiinka iyo isticmaaluhu waa inay si buuxda u wada xidhiidhaan oo ay wada shaqeeyaan.